Abstract
To improve the performance of interaction between the user and the smartphone in walking state, target selection techniques were proposed and their performance was investigated. First, the performance of smartphone target selection in walking state was comparatively investigated to that in sitting and standing states. Then, three target selection techniques Implicit Enlargement, Attraction and Last Contact were designed for walking state and their performance was empirically evaluated together with the control technique Direct Touch. The experimental results showed that the error rate in walking state were higher than those in sitting and standing state. Implicit Enlargement showed the fastest speed and the lowest error rate. The subjects made fewer errors with Last Contact than those with Direct Touch in target selection tasks during walking. Attraction showed the worst performance. Fault-tolerant mechanisms were helpful to improve the accuracy for target selection in walking state. Last, the effectiveness and applicability of the proposed techniques were discussed.
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