Abstract
The target scattering characteristics are crucial for radar systems. However, there is very little study conducted for the recently developed orbital angular momentum (OAM) based radar system. To illustrate the role of OAM-based radar cross section (ORCS), conventional radar equation is modified by taking characteristics of the OAM waves into account. Subsequently, the ORCS is defined in analogy to classical radar cross section (RCS). The unique features of the incident OAM-carrying field are analyzed. The scattered field is derived, and the analytical expressions of ORCSs for metal plate and cylinder targets are obtained. Furthermore, the ORCS and RCS are compared to illustrate the influences of OAM mode number, target size and signal frequency on the ORCS. Analytical studies demonstrate that the mirror-reflection phenomenon disappears and peak values of ORCS are in the non-specular direction. Finally, the ORCS features are summarized to show its advantages in radar target detection. This work can provide theoretical guidance to the design of OAM-based radar as well as the target detection and identification applications.
Highlights
As described in radar theory,[1,2] the target scattering characteristics play an important role in the development of radar technology, e.g., radar and target design
We focus on the features of vortex EM waves and the orbital angular momentum (OAM)-based radar target scattering characteristics
The conventional radar equation was modified by involving the characteristics of OAM waves
Summary
As described in radar theory,[1,2] the target scattering characteristics play an important role in the development of radar technology, e.g., radar and target design. Radar cross section (RCS)[2] is a measure of the power scattered in a given direction when a target is illuminated by an incident wave, which can be used to characterize the target characteristics and benefit radar target detection and imaging.[3,4]. The research of OAM and vortex EM waves has mainly focused on the generation of OAM beams, including OAM antenna design,[7] the phased array approach[8] and metasurface,[9,10,11] OAM-based wireless communications,[12,13] and OAM-based radar target detection and imaging.[6,14]. We focus on the features of vortex EM waves and the OAM-based radar target scattering characteristics.
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