Target Pattern Recognition in Innate Immunity

Abstract

1. Macrophage Pattern Recognition Receptors in Immunity, Homeostasis and Self Tolerance Subhankar Mukhopadhyay, Annette Pluddemann, and Siamon Gordon Abstract Introduction The Scavenger Receptor Family Class A Scavenger Receptors SR-A (SR-AI/II) MARCO SRCL-I/ CLP-I C-Type Lectin Receptors C-Type Lectins with a Single CRD C-Type Lectins with Multiple CRDs NK-Like C-Type Lectin-Like Receptors Self Tolerance in Innate Immunity Conclusion 2. Pattern Recognition by Toll-Like Receptors Stefan Bauer, Thomas Muller, and Svetlana Hamm Abstract Introduction Toll-Like Receptors and Their Ligands Bacterial Recognition by TLRs Viral Recognition by TLRs Recognition of Fungi and Protozoan Parasites by TLRs Cellular Localization of TLRs Recognition of Endogenous Ligands by TLRs and Involvement in Autoimmunity TLR Signaling Interferon Production by TLRs TLR Structure TLR Expression in Cells of the Adaptive Immune System Conclusion 3. NOD-Like Receptors-Pivotal Guardians of the Immunological Integrity of Barier Organs Philip Rosenstiel and Stefan Schreiber Abstract Introduction NOD-Like Receptors-Phylogenetically Ancient Molecular Platforms of the Innate Immune System Modular Domain Structure NLRs and the Recent Rise of Barrier Diseases Plasticity of NLR Function Conclusions 4. Toll-Like Receptors and NOD-Like Receptors: Domain Architecture and Cellular Signalling Tanja Langefeld, Walid Mohamed, Rohit Ghai, and Trinad Chakraborty Abstract Introduction Toll-Like Receptors Myd88 Dependent TLR Signalling Myd88 Independent TLR Signalling Nod-Like Receptors Conclusions 5. Humoral Pattern Recognition Molecules: Mannan-Binding Lectin and Ficolins Steffen Thiel and Mihaela Gadjeva Abstract Introduction Biochemistry Biology Conclusion 6. Lung Surfactant Proteins A and D asPattern Recognition Proteins Patrick Waters, Mudit Vaid, Uday Kishore, and Taruna Madan Abstract Introduction Collectin Structure Overview N-Terminal Region Collagen Region Neck Region Carbohydrate Recognition Domain (CRD) SP-A and SP-D Bind Lipid via Their CRDs Calcium Ions Are Required for CRD Function Factors Affecting Interaction with Polysaccharides Directing the Immune Response Specific Examples of SP-A and SP-D as PRRs Fungus and Yeast Viruses SP-A and SP-D in Protection against Allergens and Pulmonary Hypersensitivity Phenotype and Susceptibility of SP-A and SP-D Gene Deficient Mice Conclusion 7. Pattern Recognition by Pentraxins Alok Agrawal, Prem Prakash Singh, Barbara Bottazzi, Cecilia Garlanda, and Alberto Mantovani Abstract Pentraxins Short Pentraxins: CRP and SAP Long Pentraxin: PTX3 Conclusions 8. Target Pattern Recognition by Complement Proteins of the Classical and Alternative Pathways Yu-Hoi Kang, Lee Aun Tan, Maria V. Carroll, Madeleine E. Gentle, and Robert B. Sim Abstract The Complement System C1q and C1 Structure Biosynthesis of C1q Target Recognition by C1q Structural Basis of C1q Binding to Targets C1q Receptors C1q across the Animal Kingdom Properdin and the Alternative Pathway 9. Pattern Recognition in Phagocytic Clearance of Altered Self Yoshinobu Nakanishi, Peter M. Henson, and Akiko Shiratsuchi Abstract Roles and Mechanisms of Phagocytosis Recognition of Altered Self by Phagocytes Consequences of Phagocytic Clearance of Apoptotic Cells Fate of Necrotic Cells or Cells Dying by Other Modes Concluding Remarks 10. Structural Basis of Pattern Recognition by Innate Immune Molecules Eamon P. McGreal Abstract Introduction Molecules Containing Leucine Rich Repeats (LRRs) Carbohydrate Recognition by C-Type Lectin and C-Type Lectin-Like Molecules Eme