Abstract
Pancreatic cancer is the most common lethal tumor in America. This lethality is related to limited treatment options. Conventional treatments involve the non-specific use of chemotherapeutical agents such as 5-FU, capecitabine, gemcitabine, paclitaxel, cisplatin, oxaliplatin, or irinotecan, which produce several side effects. This review focuses on the use of targeted nanoparticles, such as metallic nanoparticles, polymeric nanoparticles, liposomes, micelles, and carbon nanotubes as an alternative to standard treatment for pancreatic cancer. The principal objective of nanoparticles is reduction of the side effects that conventional treatments produce, mostly because of their non-specificity. Several molecular markers of pancreatic cancer cells have been studied to target nanoparticles and improve current treatment. Therefore, properly functionalized nanoparticles with specific aptamers or antibodies can be used to recognize pancreatic cancer cells. Once cancer is recognized, these nanoparticles can attack the tumor by drug delivery, gene therapy, or hyperthermia.
Highlights
Cancer is one of the major causes of death in the world
Recent-onset jaundice has been described as a clinical finding that suggests malignancy in patients over 40 [35]. Albeit these manifestations are clear indicators, diagnosis continues as a challenge, as even though suspicion of pancreatic cancer can arise there continues to be the need for tumor confirmation
Pancreatic cancer is one of the deadliest cancers, when a search of underdevelopment treatments is performed on databases, there is less information in comparison with other kinds of cancer
Summary
Cancer is one of the major causes of death in the world. In 2020, the prevalence of new cancer cases was approximately 19.3 million, and the prevalence of cancer deaths was 10 million. The biochemical and molecular understanding of cancer and chemotherapy agents has led to new technologies for cancer treatment Some of these arising technologies use the application of therapeutic nanoparticles [3,4]. Life 2021, 11, 1187 aptamers [11], that can target the nanoparticle into the cancerous cells, avoiding the endocytosis cells. Thisprevents targetingtoxicity preventstotoxicity to cells healthy cells and provides an healthy This targeting healthy and provides an efficient efficient patient therapy [5]. 1, there are several typestypes of nanoparticles, particles, such as metallic nanoparticles, polymeric nanoparticles, liposomes, micelles, such as metallic nanoparticles, polymeric nanoparticles, liposomes, micelles, and carbon and carbon nanotubes [12].physicochemical Given their physicochemical andcompositions, functional compositions, the of nanotubes [12]. Catanionic liposomes (image was obtained by cryofracture-TEM technique), and (D) SEM image of of carbon nanotubes carbon nanotubes [15]
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