Abstract
As radio-frequency (RF) based wireless energy harvesting technology can provide remote and continuous power to low-power devices, e.g., wireless sensors, it may be a substitute for batteries and extend the lifetime of the wireless sensor networks. In this paper, we propose a wireless energy harvesting localization system (WEHLoc), which contains batteryless wireless sensors as anchors and an energy access point (E-AP) to transfer power to the anchors. We consider a passive target localization scenario, in which the anchors monitor the target and send the sensed ranging data back to the E-AP. Additionally, we formulate the optimal estimation accuracy problem which is a 0–1 mixed-integer programming problem and relates to the energy beam, target transmitted power, and deployed anchor density. Then, we develop the power allocation scheme of the E-AP to solve the objective. In order to reduce the complexity, we propose a heuristic method that converts the maximum estimation accuracy problem into the energy efficiency problem and use linear programming to solve them. The simulations demonstrate that WEHLoc can be massively deployed in a wide area, and the estimation error and the power consumption are relatively low.
Highlights
Locating and tracking the target are important topics for wireless sensor networks (WSNs) especially in GPS denied environments, e.g., buildings, urban canyons, under tree canopies, or caves [1]
We investigate a localization framework of a wireless sensor network, where no batteries are equipped in the wireless sensors, and the MIMO-based wireless energy access point (E-AP) provides the remote energy to power up these anchors
The lifetime of the range-based wireless localization system is significantly extended with a continuous wireless power supply
Summary
Locating and tracking the target are important topics for wireless sensor networks (WSNs) especially in GPS denied environments, e.g., buildings, urban canyons, under tree canopies, or caves [1]. WEHLoc can be seen as a typical application for SWIPT [19], since the uplink data carries the ranging measurements of the target Such a system can be implemented by the commercial facilities, e.g., PowerCast, in which the passive sensors attain the energy from the remote transmitter and send the data back to the wireless gateway [17]. We use EFIM to formulate an analytical framework of WEHLoc and derive the SPEB as the localization performance metric Within this framework, the wireless power, network topology, signal to noise ratio (SNR), prior information, and nonline-of-sight (NLOS) are fully considered and integrated. The results demonstrate that our proposed optimization scheme can achieve the optimal estimation accuracy and the minimum energy consumption with given wireless power constraints simultaneously. The heuristic method can approach the optimal estimation with the minimum energy consumption
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