Abstract
This article examines methods for and results of determining the instantaneous kinematic state of a target, i.e., its velocity and heading, using passive multistatic radar. This is achieved by combining bistatic target range and Doppler information obtained by multiple bistatic transmitter-receiver pairs, to estimate the appropriate target velocity vector. This estimation is provided as a set of closed-form equations, derived for a general case applicable to an arbitrary number of transmitters. The feasibility of the proposed approach and its accuracy predictions, as a function of the number of transmitters, are experimentally confirmed via a dedicated experimental campaign with Global Navigation Satellite Systems as transmitters of opportunity, where two different and relatively slow-moving maritime targets were in the field of view of up to 12 satellite transmitters belonging to different satellite constellations (GPS, GLONASS, and Galileo) simultaneously.
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