Abstract
This article presents a novel approach to the estimation of motion parameters of objects in passive forward scattering radars (PFSR). In such systems, most frequency modulated signals which are used have parameters that depend on the geometry of a radar scene and an object’s motion. Worth noting is that in bistatic (or multistatic) radars forward scattering geometry is present thus in this case only Doppler measurements are available while the range measurement is unambiguous. In this article the modulation factor, also called the Doppler rate, was determined based on the chirp rate (equivalent Doppler rate) estimation concept in the time-frequency (TF) domain. This approach utilizes the idea of the complex phase of the short-time Fourier transform (STFT) and its modification known from the literature. Mathematical dependencies were implemented and verified and the simulation results were described. The accuracy of the considered estimators were also verified using the Cramer-Rao lower bound (CRLB) to which simulated data for the considered estimators was compared. The proposed method was validated using a real-life signal collected from a radar operating in PFSR geometry. The Doppler rate provided by a car crossing the baseline between the receiver and the GSM transmitter was estimated. Finally, the concept of using CR estimation, which in the case of PFSR can be understood as Doppler rate, was confirmed on the basis of both simulated and real-life data.
Highlights
Passive forward scattering radars are a special class of passive bistatic radars (PBR), in which the bistatic angle β between the non-cooperating transmitter, the target and the receiver is β ≈ 180◦ [1,2,3]
Unlike typical PBRs, the passive forward scattering radar (PFSR) is characterized by the fact that objects cross the baseline, which has certain consequences
All of the tools used are characterized by an error in relation to the Cramer-Rao lower bound (CRLB), it should be kept in mind that for signal–noise ratio (SNR) ≥ 0 dB the variance of the D and F estimators is satisfactorily low, and in many practical cases is sufficient to estimate CR
Summary
Passive forward scattering radars are a special class of passive bistatic radars (PBR), in which the bistatic angle β between the non-cooperating transmitter, the target and the receiver is β ≈ 180◦ [1,2,3]. This approach is based on short–time Fourier transform (STFT) modification and allows the CR at each point in the TF plane to be determined. This is consistent with the assumption that when the baseline and the trajectory of the object are crossed, the signal appearing in the receiver can be approximated with the linear frequency modulated waveform, and this technique is dedicated for such a problem.
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