Abstract
When a distractor is presented in close spatial proximity to a target, a saccade tends to land in between the two objects rather than on the target. This robust phenomenon (also referred to as the global effect) is thought to reflect unresolved competition between target and distractor. It is unclear whether this landing bias persists across saccades since a saccade displaces the retinotopic representations of target and distractor. In the present study participants made successive saccades towards two saccadic targets which were presented simultaneously with an irrelevant distractor in close proximity to the second saccade target. The second saccade was either visually-guided or memory-guided. For the memory-guided trials, the second saccade showed a landing bias towards the location of the distractor, despite the disappearance of the distractor after the first saccade. In contrast, for the visually-guided trials, the bias was corrected and the landing bias was eliminated, even for saccades with the shortest intersaccadic intervals. This suggests that the biased saccade plan was remapped across the first saccade. Therefore, we conclude that the target-distractor competition was not resolved across a saccade, but can be resolved based on visual information that is available after a saccade.
Highlights
When a distractor is presented in close spatial proximity to a target, a saccade tends to land in between the two objects rather than on the target
When a distractor is presented in close spatial proximity to a target, the saccade plan is biased towards the distractor and this leads to a saccade landing in between the two objects, which is generally known as the global effect[8,9,10]
The present results show that target-distractor competition resulting in a biased saccade plan was preserved across a saccade when the second saccade was memory-guided but was eliminated when the second saccade was visually-guided
Summary
When a distractor is presented in close spatial proximity to a target, a saccade tends to land in between the two objects rather than on the target This robust phenomenon ( referred to as the global effect) is thought to reflect unresolved competition between target and distractor. In the present study we investigated how competition between relevant and irrelevant objects in the scene is resolved across saccades It is well-known that distracting elements can compete with saccadic targets and alter saccade planning. When a distractor is presented in close spatial proximity to a target, the saccade plan is biased towards the distractor and this leads to a saccade landing in between the two objects, which is generally known as the global effect (or saccade averaging)[8,9,10]. They showed that an abrupt onset distractor www.nature.com/scientificreports/
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