Target Classification and Identification Using Sparse Model Representations of Frequency-Domain Electromagnetic Induction Sensor Data

Abstract

Frequency-domain electromagnetic induction (EMI) sensors can measure object-specific signatures that can be used to discriminate landmines from harmless clutter. In a model-based signal processing paradigm, the object signatures can often be decomposed into a weighted sum of parameterized basis functions, such as the discrete spectrum of relaxation frequencies (DSRF), where the basis functions are intrinsic to the object under consideration and the associated weights are a function of the target-sensor orientation. The basis function parameters can then be used as features for classifying the target. One of the challenges associated with effectively utilizing a model-based signal processing paradigm such as this is determining the correct model order for the measured data, as the number of basis functions containing fundamental information regarding the target under consideration is not known a priori. In this paper, sparse Bayesian relevance vector machine (RVM) regression is applied to simultaneously determine both the number of parameterized basis functions and their relative contributions to the measured signal assuming a DSRF signal model. The target is then classified utilizing the basis function parameters as features within a statistical classifier. Results for data measured with a prototype frequency-domain EMI sensor at a standardized test site are presented, and indicate that RVM regression followed by distance-based statistical classifiers utilizing the resulting model-based features provides an effective approach for classifying and identifying landmine targets.