Abstract
To achieve the desired free-cooling effect, the preliminary design of natural ventilation should be combined with discussions of building shape during the early design stages. In an earlier study a method for supporting strategic design of natural ventilation was developed that relied on the target air change rate and natural ventilation potential. The authors defined target air change rate as a point where the gradient of the increase in the cooling effect from natural ventilation reached a maximum. To verify the viability of the proposed method, the robustness of the target air change rate is examined in this paper using a typical Chinese office building model with representative operation conditions in five climate zones of China. The impacts of insulation level, thermal capacity, and window-to-wall ratio (WWR) on the target air change rate are investigated. In addition, the target air change rate and natural ventilation potential maps in China are created to inform rough natural ventilation strategies in the early design stages. According to the evaluation results, simple natural ventilation strategies are sufficient for buildings with relatively low internal gains to realize the required small target air change rate, regardless of climate conditions. Under moderate internal gains condition, well-organized and examined natural ventilation strategies are required in the Hot Summer and Warm Winter zone and the Temperate zone. However, these strategies are particularly suggested for cities in the Temperate zone with a warm climate due to the higher cooling potential. Moreover, elaborate natural ventilation design is recommended for buildings in cold climates when the internal gains are increased to a high level.
Highlights
To improve the indoor air quality and the user satisfaction of nonresidential buildings, fresh outdoor air is needed to dilute the contaminated indoor air
It is indicated that natural ventilation design increases the thermal comfort and work efficiency of occupants [4,5]
To achieve the desired effect, the design strategies for natural ventilation should be combined with discussions of building shape and sketch during the early design stages because the configurations of atrium and ventilation shafts affect the performance of natural ventilation [10,11]
Summary
To improve the indoor air quality and the user satisfaction of nonresidential buildings, fresh outdoor air is needed to dilute the contaminated indoor air. An excessive natural ventilation strategy, that is, mixed-mode, would result in unnecessary initial costs and labor associated with the complex design [16,19] In this context, the authors developed a preliminary design method for natural ventilation using the criteria of target air change rate and natural ventilation potential in an earlier study [20]. The target air change rate and natural ventilation potential maps from China are shown to provide architects with information for determining appropriate natural ventilation strategies in the early design stages. The building sector in China accounts for approximately 46% of the total energy consumption according to the perspective of life cycle evaluations [21] This ratio has continued to increase at a stable rate in recent years. A large number of newly constructed commercial buildings in China have resulted in an energy-saving opportunity due to the adoption of passive natural ventilation design
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