Tantalum Oxide Coating of Ni-rich Cathode Active Material via Atomic Layer Deposition and its Influence on Gas Evolution and Electrochemical Performance in the Early and Advanced Stages of Degradation

Abstract

Detrimental side-reactions of Ni-rich cathode active materials (CAMs) with the electrolyte have historically impeded the extension of the utilized voltage window to higher upper cut-off voltages. Doping and coating approaches are studied widely to further improve these materials and to reduce the intensity of bulk and surface degradation but suffer from poor control of film thickness and homogeneity, leading to partial doping of the bulk. We herein report the singular effect of a tantalum oxide (Ta2O5) thin film on Li[Ni0.8Mn0.1Co0.1]O2 (NMC811), generated by atomic layer deposition, offering the possibility of a high-level homogeneity and thickness control. After chemical analysis using X-ray photoelectron spectroscopy the composition of the deposited thin film is identified as a lithium tantalate chemistry (LiTaO3). At an early degradation stage, clear improvements directly attributed to the coating, such as suppressed exothermic side-reactions (−51%), reduced released gas amounts (−14.8%) and less charge-transfer resistance growth (2× lower) are observed. However, at an advanced degradation stage, the materials show similar cycle life, as well as similar gassing behavior and an even higher charge-transfer resistance growth as compared to the uncoated material. This study highlights the necessity of bulk stabilization and identifies the effect of surface coatings on undoped NMC811 without any doping influence.