Tanshinone IIA Attenuates Contrast-Induced Nephropathy via Nrf2 Activation in Rats

Abstract

Background/Aims: Tanshinone IIA is a chemical compound extracted from Salvia miltiorrhiza Bunge, a perennial plant also known as red sage used in traditional Chinese medicine. Tanshinone IIA has been shown to protect against various organ injuries. In this study, we hypothesized that Tanshinone IIA could play an anti-oxidative role in contrast-induced nephropathy (CIN) through enhancing Nrf2/ARE activation. Methods: To test whether Tanshinone IIA can attenuate CIN, oxidative stress, and apoptosis, we utilized two models: an in vivo Sprague-Dawley rat model of ioversol-induced CIN and an in vitro cell model of oxidative stress in which HK2 cells, a human renal tubular cell line, are treated with hydrogen peroxide (H₂O₂). Rats were randomly assigned to 4 groups (n = 6 per group): control group, ioversol group (ioversol-induced CIN), vehicle group (ioversol-induced CIN rats pretreated with vehicle), and Tanshinone IIA group (ioversol-induced CIN rats pretreated with 25mg/kg Tanshinone IIA). Renal functions, renal injuries and apoptosis were evaluated by using serum creatinine, histological scoring, and TUNEL staning respectively. Malondialdehyde, 8-hydroxy-2’ –deoxyguanosine, and intracellular reactive oxygen species were used for oxidative stress assessment. Levels of Nrf2 and heme oxygenase-1 (HO-1) were measured in vivo and in vitro. Results: Tanshinone IIA attenuated renal tubular necrosis, apoptosis and oxidative stress in rats and oxidative stress in HK2 cells. Furthermore, Tanshinone IIA activated Nrf2, and up-regulated HO-1 expression in vivo and in vitro, resulting in a reduction in oxidative stress. Conclusion: Tanshinone IIA may protect against CIN through enhancing Nrf2/ARE activation.