Abstract
A living population of Tanousia zrmanjae (Brusina, 1866) was found in the mid section of the Zrmanja River in Croatia. The species, found only in the freshwater part of the river, had been regarded as possibly extinct. A few collected specimens were used for this study. Morphological data confirm the previous descriptions and drawings while molecular data place Tanousia within the family Hydrobiidae, subfamily Sadlerianinae Szarowska, 2006. Two different sister-clade relationships were inferred from two molecular markers. Fossil Tanousia, represented probably by several species, are known from interglacial deposits of the late Early Pleistocene to the early Middle Pleistocene of several European countries. Thus T. zrmanjae may be regarded as a living fossil restricted to the short section of the Zrmanja River. key wordS: protoconch, radula, reproductive organs, DNA, COI, 18S, phylogeny, Pleistocene
Highlights
The Zrmanja River (Figs 1–2) in Croatia, 69 km long, with the catchment area of 907 km2, is one of the European hot spots of freshwater gastropod diversity
Two different sister-clade relationships were inferred from two molecular markers
T. zrmanjae may be regarded as a living fossil restricted to the short section of the Zrmanja River
Summary
The Zrmanja River (Figs 1–2) in Croatia, 69 km long, with the catchment area of 907 km, is one of the European hot spots of freshwater gastropod diversity. It is inhabited by 16 species, five of them endemic (Strong et al 2008), or – according to Beran (2011) – even 22 species. Brusina (1866) described Limnaea zrmanjae, later included in the Hydrobiidae, and the genus Tanousia Bourguignat (in Servain 1881, see: Kabat & Hershler 1993). Schlickum & Schütt (1971) described Lithoglyphulus tedanicus, identical with Tanousia zrmanjae, creating a junior synonym. Schlickum & Schütt (1971) described Lithoglyphulus tedanicus, identical with Tanousia zrmanjae, creating a junior synonym. Radoman (1973, 1983) described and illustrated the radula, penis and female reproductive organs of this species, classifying it, with reservations, into a distinct family Lithoglyphulidae
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