Abstract
Malvar white wine (Vitis vinifera L.) was cold settled (CSW) and clarified by tangential-flow membrane filtration (TFMF). A 500 kDa molecular mass cut-off membrane was used. Filtration flux of 49-48 L/hm2 was achieved at transmembrane pressure of 0.7 bar. The treatment produced a completely clarified wine with turbidity of 0.11 NTU, but also a 10.3% loss of proteins, which could be related to the decrease of some flavour compounds. The CSW and the membrane filtered wines (MFW) were assessed by means of their aroma and phenolic composition, as well as their sensory properties. The results showed that the general physicochemical parameters and most of the analysed phenolic compounds were not or slightly (up to 7.6%) affected by the TFMF process. Nevertheless, the treatment produced an important loss of some key aroma compounds: up to 43% of fatty acid and alcohol esters and up to 26% of higher alcohols. Most affected were aroma species with higher molecular masses and lower polarities. Sensory analysis confirmed the global decrease in wine aroma. TFMF treatment produced also an increase of 52% of the wine benzaldehyde content.
Highlights
Clarification is an essential unit operation of winemaking
The results showed that the general physicochemical parameters and most of the analysed phenolic compounds were not or slightly affected by the tangential-flow membrane filtration (TFMF) process
The calculated odour activity values (OAV) showed that Isoamyl acetate and Ethyl octanoate had the main importance to the global aroma, contributing with sweet, fruity, banana and pear aromas
Summary
Clarification is an essential unit operation of winemaking It improves appearance of wines, and is very important for their physicochemical and microbial stability. The classic treatment includes a combined filtration with cellulose-based filter plates or diatomaceous earths and fine polishing and microbial stabilization of the wine with 0.45 to 1.2 μm pore sizes pleated membrane filters (Hidalgo Togores, 2002). In all cases, these filter aids are useful until they clog, which means that their use generates wastes and subsequently, environmental problems
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