Abstract
Aims: This study aimed to determine the influence of Tang Wang Ming Mu granule (TWMM) on the diabetic retinopathy of diabetic rats.Methods: Male Wistar rats were divided into seven groups: normal control, diabetes model(DM), diabetes with TWMM (3.6, 7.2, and 14.4 g/kg) treatment, the positive control treatment groups of Qi Ming granules and Calcium dobesilate capsules. All rats were treated for 8 weeks. The levels of body weight, fasting blood glucose (FBG) and glycosylated hemoglobin (HbA1c) in blood were measured to evaluate the antihyperglycemic activity of TWMM. Furthermore, malondialdehyde (MDA), intracellular adhesion molecule-1 (ICAM-1) and vascular endothelial growth factor (VEGF) in serum were measured to study effects of TWMM on oxidative stress and inflammatory in DM2 rats. VEGF, JAK/STAT signaling pathway and SOCS3 in retina was detected by immunohistochemistry.Results: TWMM and the positive control drugs Qi Ming and Calcium dobesilate showed a remarkable suppression of retinal neovascularization and amelioration of retinal internal limiting membrane morphology. Moreover, TWMM significantly decreased HbA1c, MDA, ICAM-1, and VEGF levels in serum of diabetic rats. However, Qi Ming granules showed significantly reduced MDA and VEGF levels (P < 0.01, and P < 0.05, respectively), Calcium dobesilate showed significantly reduced MDA and ICAM-1levels (P < 0.01 and P < 0.05, respectively) in serum. All drug- treated DM2 rats showed significantly lower levels of VEGF, JAK2, P-JAK2, STAT3, and P-STAT3 in retina than DM group, while TWMM and Calcium dobesilate significantly increased SOCS3 in retina.Conclusion: Our data suggest that the diabetic retina protective effect of TWMM might be related to antiinflammatory, antioxidative, upregulation of SOCS3 expression, inhibition of the JAK/STAT/VEGF signaling pathway.
Highlights
A report published by the International Diabetes Federation currently indicates that diabetes mellitus has impact on at least 378 million people worldwide, and this figure is most likely to be doubled by 2035 (Yisahak et al, 2014)
Eight weeks after supplementation of Tang Wang Ming Mu Granule (TWMM), the blood glucose level of Diabetic Rat Model (DM)+TWMM groups were mildly different from that of DM rats, it showed no differences compared with the blood glucose level of DM group (Figure 1A)
Compared with DM group, there were no differences on the hemoglobin A1c (HbA1c) levels among Qi Ming and Calcium dobesilate groups (P > 0.05)
Summary
A report published by the International Diabetes Federation currently indicates that diabetes mellitus has impact on at least 378 million people worldwide, and this figure is most likely to be doubled by 2035 (Yisahak et al, 2014). Diabetic retinopathy (DR) is one of the most common and serious microvascular complications of diabetes, result in visual impairment and blindness. DR is clinically characterized by retinal microvascular pathologic changes, such as capillary occlusion, hemorrhages, microaneurisms, and neovascularization, leads to severe vision loss and irreversible blindness (Antonetti et al, 2012; Cohen and Gardner, 2016). A number of therapeutics, such as antivascular endothelial growth factor (VEGF) therapy, long-acting steroids, and surgery with laser photocoagulation, has been applied clinically. They were used for later stage of DR. Early treatments to delay DR progression are desperately needed and have great social and economic impacts
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