Tandem structured quantum dot/rod sensitized solar cell based on solvothermal synthesized CdSe quantum dots and rods

Abstract

The quantum dots (QD) and quantum rods (QR) of different sizes, shapes, and crystalline phases are synthesized by modified solvothermal method spontaneously employed stirring system and controlled internal applied pressure. The tandem structure of QDs and QRs as well as tetrapods is formed on hierarchical porous titania photoanode by means of electrophoretic deposition. A tremendous enhancement in efficiency of the cell is obtained in samples synthesized at 220 °C for 24 h due to the formation of tandem structure, utilization of Cu2S/CNT composite cathode, co-sensitization of CdS and CdSe, and beneficial role of QRs in electron lifetime. Smaller size QDs with higher band gaps penetrate deeper through the macro-channels of the hierarchical porous structure, while the QRs and tetrapods with lower band gaps are placed on upper layers. Although the charge injection is improved in smaller QDs, the electron lifetime in QRs is longer mainly due to the higher absorption cross section, proper charge separation, introduction of quasi-one dimensional route for charge transport through QRs, and higher surface area available for regeneration with electrolyte. The cell shows the efficiency of 1.05% with JSC of 4.48 mA cm−2, VOC of 0.45 V, and fill factor of 0.52.