Talisia olivaeformis(Sapindaceae) andZuelania guidonia(Flacourtiaceae): New Host Records forAnastrephaspp. (Diptera: Tephritidae) in México

Abstract

scribed species, but new wild hosts frequently are found (Aluja et al. 2003). In the Mexican state of Campeche, 10 species of Anastrepha are known (Hern?ndez-Ortiz 1992; Hern?ndez-Ortiz et al. 2002; Tucuch-Cauich et al. 2008). Most records were obtained from label data on specimens de posited in entomological collections or from mon itoring systems with McPhail traps (baited with liquid protein), and little information has been generated from wild host fruits in the region. We now report new records of fruit flies reared from 2 wild host fruits of cultural and economic impor tance in the Mexican state of Campeche. Fruits of Talisia olivaeformis (H. B. K.) Radlk (Sapindaceae), known locally as guaya, fayum, guayo, or cotoperis, are green, 2-3 cm in diameter, spherical, with thick pericarp, orange-yellow flesh, and with a single seed (Pulido-Salas 1993). The edible fruits are a source of alternative in come to inhabitants in the Campeche region (Zarate-Hoyos 1998) and its timber has economic potential (Pulido-Salas 1993). The permetrina, paragua, tamay, or volador, Zuelania guidonia (Sw.) Britton & Millsp. (Fla courtiaceae) is a component of traditional Mayan gardens (Ford 2008) with spherical fruit 5 cm in diameter that ripen at the end of the dry season (Enquist & Sullivan 2001). Ripe fruits samples were collected on 27 May (4.1 kg of T. olivaeformis) and 8 Jul 2009 (1 kg. of Z. guidonia) in La Victoria, Campeche (18?29.251'N; 90?55.304'W; 42.6 elev.). The fruits were transported to the laboratory of the Escuela Superior de Ciencias Agropecuarias (Universidad Aut?noma de Campeche, UAC) and dissected for extraction of larvae. These larvae were placed in dividually in plastic cups for rearing (3x2 cm), with agrolite (Polietilenos del Sur?, Morelos, M?xico) as a substrate for pupation. The cham bers were maintained under ambient conditions (32?C? 2, RH 95% ? 5). Fruit flies began to emerge from T. olivaefor mis on 12 Jun, with parasitoids emerging on 22 Jun. Specimens emerged from Z. guidonia on 24 Jul. Adult flies were preserved in 70% alcohol for subsequent identification with the keys of Foote et al. (1993) and the parasitoids with those of Guimaraes et al. (2005) and Wharton (1997). Voucher specimens (insects and plants) were de posited in the entomological collection and her bariums of the Escuela Superior de Ciencias Agropecuarias (UAC) and Universidad Aut?noma de Yucat?n (UADY). Talisia olivaeformis yielded 168 pupae, of which 81 were Anastrepha fraterculus (Wiede mann) (47 females and 34 males), 6 were Anas trepha ludens (Loew) (3 females and 3 males), and 5 were Doryctohracon areolatus Szepligeti (5 fe males), a braconid parasitoid previously recorded from these Anastrepha species (L?pez et al. 1999). Zuelania guidonia yielded 81 pupae: 31 were A. fraterculus (16 females and 15 males), 1 was Anastrepha striata Schiner (male) and 2 were Od ontosema albinerve Kieffer (-Odontosema anas trephae, sensu Kieffer), a figitid parasitoid associ ated with these tephritid species (L?pez et al. 1999). Fruits of olivaeformis were recorded as a host for Anastrepha spp. in Venezuela by Guag liumi (1966), but the species were not deter mined; thus, the Anastrepha records presented here are the first identified Anastrepha species re ported for this host plant. Previously Anastrepha zuelaniae Stone was the only fruit fly known to be associated with Z. guidonia (Bush 1962; Norrbom & Kim 1988; Foote et al. 1993), but our data show that A. fraterculus and A. striata can complete their de velopment in this host, as well as A. zuelaniae. The increase in the number of fruit fly species that attack wild hosts may be a preference for small wild fruits compared with larger fruit with