Taking into account the regularities of physical processes in the constructions of working bodies of dynamic destruction

Abstract

In construction and related branches of the national economy, there are many works related to the destruction and movement of soil (laying of communication lines, extraction of minerals and building materials, reclamation and military-engineering earthworks, etc.). Work equipment, which implements the principle of static soil destruction, is one of the most significant criteria that determines the high energy intensity of the work process of modern earth-moving machines. Even the foreign equipment with which state and communal enterprises are now equipped has better characteristics only due to its novelty and universal design. However, the main problem - reducing the energy intensity of soil massif development - remains unsolved.
 The processes of destruction of working environments are destructive. All real processes are irreversible, that is, the entropy of an isolated (closed) system can only increase. For open systems, where there is an exchange of matter with the environment, as well as energy and momentum, entropy can decrease due to replenishment of the system with matter and energy, but the direction of natural processes does not change.
 Complex and non-linear processes of development of work environments are characterized by both directions of flow of the components of these processes. The description of the evolution of systems due to the movement of working environments as degradation processes is proven and scientifically substantiated by the second law of thermodynamics, the evolution of the system in the sense of organization for all its components - by synergy.
 The constructive implementation of the working bodies of construction machines in such a way, when the co-direction of the destruction processes with the flow of natural processes is implemented, allows to significantly increase the informativeness of the work of the construction machine. Such processes lead to a drastic reduction of resource costs per unit of production and improvement of all parameters of the development of working environments.
 Considering the above, as well as the need to reduce Ukraine's energy dependence on other countries, there is a need to develop and create low-energy, high-speed working bodies of earthmoving machines.
 When forming the face, it is necessary to take into account that the destruction process must coincide with the direction of the natural destruction process in order to reduce energy costs.