Abstract
Abstract. The Taiwan Earth System Model (TaiESM) version 1 is developed based on Community Earth System Model version 1.2.2 of National Center for Atmospheric Research. Several innovative physical and chemical parameterizations, including trigger functions for deep convection, cloud macrophysics, aerosol, and three-dimensional radiation–topography interaction, as well as a one-dimensional mixed-layer model optional for the atmosphere component, are incorporated. The precipitation variability, such as diurnal cycle and propagation of convection systems, is improved in TaiESM. TaiESM demonstrates good model stability in the 500-year preindustrial simulation in terms of the net flux at the top of the model, surface temperatures, and sea ice concentration. In the historical simulation, although the warming before 1935 is weak, TaiESM captures the increasing trend of temperature after 1950 well. The current climatology of TaiESM during 1979–2005 is evaluated by observational and reanalysis datasets. Cloud amounts are too large in TaiESM, but their cloud forcing is only slightly weaker than observational data. The mean bias of the sea surface temperature is almost 0, whereas the surface air temperatures over land and sea ice regions exhibit cold biases. The overall performance of TaiESM is above average among models in Coupled Model Intercomparison Project phase 5, particularly in that the bias of precipitation is smallest. However, several common discrepancies shared by most models still exist, such as the double Intertropical Convergence Zone bias in precipitation and warm bias over the Southern Ocean.
Highlights
The Earth system model (ESM) is a state-of-the-art tool that can simulate the long-term evolution of the climate system including the atmosphere, ocean, land, and cryosphere and provide future projections from the scientific aspect to study the impact of global climate change on the natural environment, ecosystem, and human society (IPCC, 2013)
Taiwan Earth System Model (TaiESM) version 1 is developed on the basis of the Community Earth System Model version 1.2.2 (CESM1.2.2; Hurrell et al, 2013) from the National Center for Atmospheric Research (NCAR) sponsored by the National Science Foundation and the Department of Energy of the United States
The high and low cloud covers in TaiESM are larger than those in CESM1.2.2, the magnitude of SW cloud forcing (SWCF) is smaller in TaiESM
Summary
The Earth system model (ESM) is a state-of-the-art tool that can simulate the long-term evolution of the climate system including the atmosphere, ocean, land, and cryosphere and provide future projections from the scientific aspect to study the impact of global climate change on the natural environment, ecosystem, and human society (IPCC, 2013). Because of the constraint of computing power, the spatial resolution of ESMs participating in the Coupled Model Intercomparison Project Phase 5 (CMIP5; Taylor et al, 2012) is generally on the order of approximately 100 km. This coarse resolution is unsuitable for climate studies in the Taiwan area because this island is 400 km long and 150 km wide and occupies only several grid boxes in these ESMs. For the Taiwanese scientific community, developing a global model to provide climate data in various future scenarios with high temporal resolutions – daily or hourly – for dynamical or statistical downscaling is desirable.
Talk to us
Join us for a 30 min session where you can share your feedback and ask us any queries you have
Disclaimer: All third-party content on this website/platform is and will remain the property of their respective owners and is provided on "as is" basis without any warranties, express or implied. Use of third-party content does not indicate any affiliation, sponsorship with or endorsement by them. Any references to third-party content is to identify the corresponding services and shall be considered fair use under The CopyrightLaw.