Abstract
Nanotechnology has tremendous advantages in many areas of scientific as well as clinical research. The development of nanoparticles (NPs) that can efficiently deliver drugs specifically to the cancer cells can help reduce normal cells toxicity and co-morbidities. Cancer can be treated by exploiting the unique physiochemical of the NPs, and modulating their surface modifications using ligands which further could be used as drug cargo vehicles. To enhance biocompatibility and drug delivery towards the target site, various modifications can be included to modify the surface of the NPs, such as carbohydrates, dendrimers, DNA, RNA, siRNA, drugs, and other ligands. These ligand-coated NPs have potential applications in the field of biomedical research, including diagnosis, contrast agents for molecular and clinical imaging (Magnetic Resonance Imaging (MRI), Computed tomography (CT), positron emission tomography (PET)), as cargo vehicles for drugs, increasing the blood circulation half-life, and blood detoxification. Further, the conjugation of anti-cancer drugs to the NPs can be efficiently used to target the cancer disease. This review highlights some of the features and surface modification strategies of the NPs, such as an iron oxide (IO), liposomes (LP)-based NPs, and polymer-based NPs, which show their effectiveness as cargo agents for cancer therapeutics.
Highlights
The human body consists of trillions of cells, and each group of cells is designated for a specific function to sustain life
This study showed great promise to convey a remedial dosage of NP-TMZ-CTX as compared to TMZ alone treatment at 72 h and showed 2-6 times much higher uptake into the cells and 50-90% reduction in the tumor cell proliferation
NPs such as Iron oxide NPs (IONPs), LPs based NPs and polymeric NPs can act as therapeutic tools for targeting cancers
Summary
The human body consists of trillions of cells, and each group of cells is designated for a specific function to sustain life. The use of NPs in the field of nanomedicine acts as a versatile therapeutic platform for the synthesis and development of drug targeting cargos for the treatment of various types of cancers [11, 12]. Many anti-cancer drugs, for example, Doxorubicin (DOX), temozolomide (TMZ), and paclitaxel (PTX) are used with biocompatible coatings around IONPs and have been effectively validated in vitro and in vivo for their cancer treatment efficacy [47, 48].
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