Abstract
Despite the existence of many attempts at nerve tissue engineering, there is no ideal strategy to date for effectively treating defective peripheral nerve tissue. In the present study, well-aligned poly (L-lactic acid) (PLLA) nanofibers with varied nano-porous surface structures were designed within different ambient humidity levels using the stable jet electrospinning (SJES) technique. Nanofibers have the capacity to inhibit bacterial adhesion, especially with respect to Staphylococcus aureus (S. aureus). It was noteworthy to find that the large nano-porous fibers were less detrimentally affected by S. aureus than smaller fibers. Large nano-pores furthermore proved more conducive to the proliferation and differentiation of neural stem cells (NSCs), while small nano-pores were more beneficial to NSC migration. Thus, this study concluded that well-aligned fibers with varied nano-porous surface structures could reduce bacterial colonization and enhance cellular responses, which could be used as promising material in tissue engineering, especially for neuro-regeneration.
Highlights
Peripheral and central nerve tissue defects have been the focus of constant attention for decades, and despite extensive clinical research endeavors, successful neuron repair still faces vast challenges due to various factors such as axonal outgrowth inhibition, neuron cell division restriction, and astrocyte dysfunction [1,2,3]
We previously demonstrated that aligned electrospun poly (L-lactic acid) (PLLA) fibers with elliptical nano-pore surfaces enhanced the cellular response of vascular smooth muscle cells [18]
The novel stable jet electrospinning (SJES) method was employed to produce well-aligned PLLA fibers with uniform ellipsoidal-shaped nano-porous surface textures, wherein the nano-pore sizes were determined by variable ambient humidity conditions during the SJES process
Summary
Peripheral and central nerve tissue defects have been the focus of constant attention for decades, and despite extensive clinical research endeavors, successful neuron repair still faces vast challenges due to various factors such as axonal outgrowth inhibition, neuron cell division restriction, and astrocyte dysfunction [1,2,3]. Nerve autografts are currently the preferred and optimal method for treating long nerve gap defects, but this technique is restricted due to the shortage of donor sites, risks of complications, the formation of neuroma, and lengthy and multiple surgical procedures [4,5,6]. Nanofibrous scaffolds that are supportive of cell adhesion, migration, proliferation, and differentiation, share similarities with the structure and function of natural extracellular matrix (ECM) [9,10,11,12]. Biomimetic nanofibrous scaffolds are likely candidates to be selected for the purposes of performing autografts to repair neuronal defects. Kim et al produced a porous and aligned polycaprolactone (PCL)/silk/quercetin fibrous scaffold to enhance neural cell adhesion, migration, and direction of growth, which resulted in increased neural regeneration [13]. Alignment of electrospun fibers for nanotopographical guidance of nerve cells is critical for nerve tissue engineering
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