Tailoring implementation for a cancer self-management support intervention for patients starting chemotherapy.

Abstract

287 Background: Multiple implementation strategies are described in the literature; however, there is limited consensus on how to best tailor implementation to organizational and clinician readiness. We undertook a mixed-methods evaluation to inform tailored implementation of self-management support (SMS) in ambulatory cancer care as the first phase of a pilot randomized trial of the intervention in patients starting chemotherapy. Methods: Validated surveys, focus groups and interviews were undertaken with key stakeholders (oncologists, nurses, allied health, and administrative leaders) in the lung, colorectal and lymphoma disease site groups at 3 regional cancer centres in Ontario, Canada. Median responses to individual survey questions were classified as an enabler, barrier or neutral based on predetermined cut-offs. Enablers and barriers were triangulated with qualitative data and mapped to the Consolidated Framework for Implementation Research domains. Implementation strategies to address barriers were identified using the Expert Recommendations for Implementing Change tool. Results: Survey respondents represented all stakeholder groups (n = 78; respondent rate = 50%). Minimal variation was noted across stakeholders and centres. Overall, respondents held positive beliefs about the value of SMS, were familiar with the principles of SMS and felt there was a tangible fit among the intervention, individual beliefs, and existing workflows. Suboptimal communication networks and access to information about the adoption of SMS, as well as a lack of organizational commitment to implementing the intervention were identified as key implementation barriers. Qualitative data reinforced quantitative findings, namely that stakeholders value SMS but were unsure if it would translate into reduced treatment toxicities. 46 implementation strategies were identified based on perceived barriers, of which 28 (61%) were common to all 3 centres. Conclusions: Stakeholders at cancer centres acknowledged that SMS is valuable, but potential barriers to integration of SMS into routine ambulatory practice exist. The impact of the tailored implementation plans will be evaluated as part of the trial.