Tailoring cross-linking temperature via hydrogen bonding and steric hindrance towards high-performance fire-Safe Polymer

Abstract

Constructing thermally cross-linkable structures into thermoplastic polymers has emerged as a compelling strategy to enhance flame retardancy. However, the cross-linking reactions are hard to control, leading unexpected deterioration of processability and mechanical properties. Here, we report a novel strategy to modulate cross-linking reactions utilizing intramolecular hydrogen bonding and steric hindrance effects. Taking aromatic Schiff base (SA) as an example, novel monomers SAP and SAPN were designed and synthesized by incorporating phenolic and naphthalene units. As expected, the resultant copolymer PET-co-SAPNn exhibited a 120 °C higher cross-linking temperature compared with that of PET-co-SAn, powering them with great processability. Robust mechanical properties were obtained owing to the enhanced polymerization stability and intramolecular hydrogen bonding of SAPN, as evidenced by the tensile strength of 86.0 MPa for PET-co-SAPN15, 1.6 times to that of pure PET. Additionally, PET-co-SAPNn exhibits the highest fire safety, whose peak heat release rate (pHRR) and maximum smoke density (Dm) decreased by 49% and 53%, attributing to enhanced char-forming ability from the cross-linking and the phenolic and naphthalene units in SAPN. Considering these adequate improvements, this study provides a novel strategy for designing “self-cross-linking” flame-retardant polymers with improved processability and fire-safety.