Abstract
Management of endometrial cancer, an adenocarcinoma of the endometrium which occupies most uterine corpus neoplasms, including uterine sarcomas, has been more relevant due to its increasing incidence. Extensive research on tumorigenesis molecular mechanisms and molecular characterization across cancers has brought paradigm shifts in the treatment of various malignant tumors. Endometrial cancer treatment has been traditionally guided according to the disease extent or histology types, while recent studies on molecular features have led to the introduction of targeted agents into clinical use, along with conventional chemotherapeutic agents in patients with recurrent or metastatic disease. Considering the proven efficacy and relatively tolerable toxicities of targeted therapies across malignant tumors, improvement of treatment outcomes is also expected in endometrial cancer by adopting an individualized therapy depending on the specific molecular features. Efficacy assessment of new biological agents is still ongoing based on previous preclinical data on endometrial cancer molecular features. Here, endometrial cancer molecular characterization will be reviewed, and then, we will introduce preclinical data, directing the adoption of new biological agents.
Highlights
Endometrial cancer (EC), arising from the epithelium of the uterine corpus, is one of the leading causes of cancer mortality among women in developed countries [1, 2]
Tailored therapy according to the molecular characterization has been expected to be one of the promising treatment modalities to improve the outcomes across solid cancers, despite various challenging interpretations of genetic aberrations to directly guide treatments
Efforts to clarify the molecular features of EC have established distinct molecular classifications
Summary
Endometrial cancer (EC), arising from the epithelium of the uterine corpus, is one of the leading causes of cancer mortality among women in developed countries [1, 2]. EC has been relatively distant from benefiting from targeted therapies compared to other malignant tumors, but recent efforts to understand the disease biology have released results of preclinical studies, leading to the development of clinical trials to test the potential of novel biological agents in EC treatment. In addition to known efficacy of the immunotherapy in patients with mismatch repair- (MMR-) deficient EC, opportunities to examine the potential for new biological agents were given by holding this meeting, and results of clinical trials have been gradually released. We reviewed the molecular characterization and preclinical studies connected to molecular-targeted therapies in ECs. We introduce results of clinical trials on novel biological agents and suggest future directions to solve current limitations
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