Tailored behavioral medicine intervention for enhanced physical activity and healthy eating in patients with obstructive sleep apnea syndrome and overweight

Abstract

This study aims to evaluate the effects on physical activity (PA) and eating behavior (EB) of a tailored behavioral medicine intervention and first-time continuous positive airway pressure (CPAP) treatment compared with first-time CPAP treatment and advice in patients with obstructive sleep apnea syndrome (OSAS) and overweight. Seventy-three patients (mean ± SD, 55 ± 12years) with overweight (body mass index (BMI), 34.5 ± 4.8) and moderate or severe OSAS (Apnea-Hypopnea Index, 41.7 ± 20.9) scheduled for CPAP prescription were randomized to a control group (CPAP and advice on the association between weight and OSAS) or an experimental group (CPAP and a 6-month behavioral medicine intervention targeting PA and EB). At baseline and after 6months, eating behavior (food frequency screening and Dutch Eating Behavior Questionnaire), weight, BMI, and waist circumference were assessed at one point, while PA and sedentary time were measured with accelerometry during 4days. The experimental group reduced 2.1kg (±4.6) in weight and 3cm (±4.9) in waist circumference, significantly more than the control group. At 6months, the experimental group ate more fruit and fish/shellfish than the control group. Low and moderate to vigorous PA did not change over time either within or between groups. Regarding BMI, steps, and sedentary time, there were within-group differences but no differences between groups. The behavioral medicine intervention did not change physical activity but facilitated changes in EB in patients with OSAS and overweight. The amount of weight loss and reduction in waist circumference favored the participants receiving this treatment. Since the strategies for achieving behavioral changes were tailored according to the individual's goals and personal functional behavioral analyses and progressed slowly in a graded manner, it might require higher PA quotas or a period longer than 6months to reveal a behavioral change of larger proportions.