Abstract
For special advanced applications in medicine biomaterials can be tailor-made as composites if a single material is not able to fulfill the various requirements. In most cases a functional surface layer, which may have the required physical, mechanical, or biological properties, covers a structural material: titanium and its alloys for preference. Three classes of composites based on titanium materials offer special properties: Ti/porous Ti composites have special mechanical properties for isoelastic implants; Ti/ceramic composites show special biological properties used for improved osseointegration of the implants; and the special physical properties of Ti/ceramic composites makes them suitable for heart pacemaker leads.
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