Abstract
A substantial number of individuals with Parkinson's disease (PD) experience accelerated cognitive decline and postural instability leading to reduced balance confidence and quality of life. To date few treatments have proven efficacious to ameliorate these deficits. Tai Chi interventions are known to improve postural control, balance confidence and executive function in older adult populations. PURPOSE: To evaluate the ability of Tai Chi to improve cognitive function, balance confidence and quality of life in persons with PD. METHODS: Twenty-four individuals with idiopathic PD were randomized to either a Tai Chi intervention group or a noncontact control in a 2:1 ratio. The Tai Chi group (n=16) participated in 48 1-hour long training sessions, whereas the control group (n=8) had two testing sessions 16 weeks apart without interposed training. Indices of cognitive function measured included: visual conceptual and visuomotor tracking (Trails A and B), directed attention (Stroop Color Word), and working memory (digits backwards). Balance confidence was measured via the Tinetti Scale and quality of life was measured by the PD-specific PDQ-39. RESULTS: Tai Chi training led to enhanced performance on all indices of cognitive performance: Trails A (4 sec); Trails B (20 sec); Stroop (5 words); digits backward (1 digit), whereas performance of the controls did not change or worsened. The control group experienced reduced quality of life as evidenced by increases in the PDQ-39 total score (9pts), as well as PDQ-39 dimensions: Activities of Daily Living (ADL, 4pts), Emotional Well Being (11pts), and Communication (11pts). Tai Chi significantly improved ADL related quality of life (5pts). Lastly, individuals who underwent Tai Chi training also exhibited important increases (6pts) in self-reported balance confidence whereas the control exhibited a 6 pt worsening. CONCLUSIONS: Tai Chi appears to be an appropriate and effective intervention for improving non-motor features of PD.
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