Abstract
It is believed that the structure and properties of parts fabricated by additive (i.e., non-stationary) manufacturing are slightly worse compared to hot pressing. To further proceed with improving the quality of Fused Deposition Modeling 3D-printed parts, the ‘UHMWPE + 17 wt.% HDPE-g-SMA + 12 wt.% PP’ composite feedstock fabrication parameters, by the twin-screw extruder compounding and 3D printing (the Fused Deposition Modeling (FDM) process), were optimized using the Taguchi method. The optimization was carried out over the results of mechanical tests. The obtained results were interpreted in terms of (1) the uniformity of mixing of the polymer components upon compounding and (2) the homogeneity of the structure formed by the 3D printing. The values of the main factors (the processing parameters) were determined using the Taguchi method. Their application made it possible to improve the physical, mechanical, and tribological properties of the samples manufactured by the FDM method at the level of neat UHMWPE as well as the UHMWPE-based composites fabricated by compression sintering. A comparative analysis of the structure, as well as the mechanical and tribological properties of the composite obtained by the FDM method, and the hot pressing from ‘optimized’ feedstock was performed. The ‘UHMWPE + 17 wt.% HDPE-g-SMA + 12 wt.% PP’ composites fabricated by the optimal compounding and 3D printing parameters can be implemented for the additive manufacturing of complex shape products (including medical implants, transport, mining, and processing industries; in particular, in the Far North).
Highlights
Two technologies are the most widely used 3D-printing methods with thermoplastic polymer materials: (1) Fused Deposition Modeling (FDM), and (2) Selective Laser Sintering (SLS)
The values of the main factors were determined using the Taguchi method. Their application made it possible to improve the physical, mechanical, and tribological properties of the samples manufactured by the FDM method at the level of neat ultra-high molecular weight polyethylene (UHMWPE) as well as the UHMWPE-based composites fabricated by compression sintering
High-density polyethylene grafted with maleic anhydride (HDPE-g-SMA; milled granulate, particle sizes of about 500 μm shown in Figure 1c, ‘New Polymeric Technology’ LLC, Unecha, Russia) and the ‘PP21030’ polypropylene powder (MFI = 3.0 g/10 min, average particle size of 600 μm presented in Figure 1b, ‘Tomskneftechim’ LLC, Tomsk, Russia) were loaded as plasticizing additives
Summary
Two technologies are the most widely used 3D-printing methods with thermoplastic polymer materials: (1) Fused Deposition Modeling (FDM), and (2) Selective Laser Sintering (SLS). The FDM method is based on the layer-by-layer extrusion of molten polymer onto a heated part bed. The SLS method belongs to the class of the powder bed deposition technologies and is realized without vacuum by the local fusion of finely dispersed polymer powders using a laser beam. The main structural plastics used for 3D printing include thermoplastics with a melting point below 260 ◦ C, such as acrylonitrile butadiene styrene, polylactic acid, polystyrene–butadiene–styrene, polyamide, polyvinyl alcohol, polycarbonate, etc. A lot of polyamide-based composites have been designed to manufacture products. Designing thermoplastic matrix-based composites, including PA, is a promising way to produce parts for friction units
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