Abstract
AbstractTactile behavior of Indian langurs was studied in the field and analyzed in the context of the complex process of communication; thus the character of the interactions created, defined, and modified by individual tactile behavior is emphasized. In the total process of communication, tactile contact is the most intimate, since only it requires the renunciation of individual space. This paper interprets the various forms of tactile communication in different social structures among langur populations and includes grooming, touching the other's shoulder or loins or root of tail, embracing, lip contact, greeting ceremonies, and specific sequences of these elements. The functions of these behaviors are discussed, specifically in terms of group composition, of the individual's role and position within a group, and of specific group situations.
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