Tachykinin antagonists have potent local anaesthetic actions

Abstract

Contrary to what would have been expected, an antagonist of substance P (SP) [Arg 5, D-Trp 7, 9]SP-(5–11) inhibited the neurogenic contraction of isolated guinea-pig hilus bronchi more readily than a contraction produced by exogenous SP. Furthermore, it has previously been shown that a tachykinin antagonist given intrathecally produced motor blockade as do local anaesthetic drugs. We therefore examined whether tachykinin antagonists had a depressant action on axonal neurotransmission. The compound action potential (APc) of the frog isolated sciatic nerve was suppressed in a concentration-dependent manner by the tachykinin antagonists [D-Pro 2, D-Trp 7,9]SP and [Arg 5, D-Trp 7,9]Sp-(5–11), both being about 4 times more potent than lidocaine. SP itself was without effect. Similarly in the rat isolated sciatic nerve [D-Pro 2, D-Trp 7,9]SP suppressed the APc. It was more potent in the Aα- than in the C-fibres. SP did not affect conduction in either fibre type. In conscious guinea-pigs [D-Pro 2, D-Trp 7,9]SP injected adjacent to the sciatic nerve was found to block motor but not sensory functions of the limb. Thus, commonly used tachykinin antagonists, but not SP itself, have potent local anaesthetic properties. This should be considered when these agents are employed as pharmacological tools.