Abstract
in the second reinfection cycle and the other subject noted intermittent halitosis. At endoscopy their stomachs appeared normal, gastric acid secretion was maintained, and biopsies showed active gastritis similar to that seen at baseline. Antibodies against Helicobacter persisted throughout the study. Conclusion: In this small study we proposed that natural immunity to Helicobacter would be maximal against an individual's own strain. Because we could reinfect subjects more than once with their own strain, we believe that Helicobacter infection is not protective against itself. Therefore, repeated administration of a single live Helicobacter vector might be possible in humans. By engineering a GMO Helicobacter expressing relevant vaccine antigens, it may be possible to infect people repeatedly, to deliver various vaccines on numerous occasions because protective immunity against such a Helicobacter pylori platform technology would not develop.
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