Abstract
BackgroundRetinal dysfunctions have been integrated in cognitive models of visual hallucinations in several pathologies such as Parkinsonian syndromes or eye diseases. Besides, structural abnormalities of the retinal ganglion cells are documented in schizophrenia and have been associated to visual hallucinations (VH) in neurological disorders. We aim to study functional abnormalities of retinal ganglion cells in schizophrenia patients with VH.MethodsWe measured the activity of retinal ganglion cells using electroretinogram according to ISCEV criteria. We compared the amplitude and implicit time of the P50 and the N95 waves of the pattern electroretinogram in schizophrenia patients with VH (VH group, n = 7), Auditory Hallucinations or no hallucination (AH/NH group, n = 8) and controls (n = 30).ResultsPreliminary findings show a significant increase of the N95 implicit time in the HV group compared with controls (p = .05). No difference was found between the HV and HA/NH groups but a gradient appeared to emerge between the 3 groups.DiscussionFunctional impairment of the retinal ganglion cells appears to be more pronounced in schizophrenia patients with HV. The increase of N95 implicit time may be interpreted as a dysfunction of retinal ganglion celles rather than a cell loss. These preliminary results need to be confirmed with a larger sample.
Highlights
Individuals with schizophrenia are characterized as presenting atypical voice patterns: poverty of speech, increased pauses, distinctive pitch
The classification performance was driven by a rsFC pattern including areas involved in memory processing, such as hippocampus and cingulate gyrus (Allen et al, 2007) as well as regions related to language processing, such as the supra marginal gyrus (Li et al, 2009)
Study selection was conducted according to the following inclusion criteria: (a) empirical study, (b) quantification of acoustic features in the vocal production of participants with schizophrenia, (c) sample including at least two individuals with schizophrenia, (d) inclusion of a comparison group, or an assessment of variation in acoustic features in relation to severity of clinical features
Summary
S169 putamen and left hippocampus, right putamen and right caudate nucleus, left superior frontal and right inferior orbitofrontal regions, as well as longrange connections between left and right occipital cortex and left cingulate gyrus, left supramarginal gyrus and right temporal pole. Two negative correlations between the SVM decision scores for ROP and measures of the RAVLT were significant (delayed recall: r=-0.3, Bonferroni –adjusted p
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