Abstract
Background: Osteosarcopenia is a recently identified condition caused by the coexistence of osteoporosis and sarcopenia that affects the frail elderly population, leading to an increased risk of falls and fractures. Given the recent socio-economic interest associated with osteosarcopenia, the aim of this meta-analysis is to provide an overview of the factors potentially involved in its pathogenesis, assessing its population type, prevalence, and associated variables. Methods: A comprehensive systematic search for relevant studies, published from 2015 to 2020, was performed by using PubMed, EMBASE, and Cochrane databases. We analysed the variables of age, vitamin D, handgrip, and T-score in four different groups: healthy, osteopenic–osteoporotic, sarcopenic, and osteosarcopenic. Results: A total of 6504 patients from 16 studies were included in the final meta-analysis. The analysis of the individual variables reveals a statistically significant correlation between the handgrip test data and T-score (p < 0.001). Conclusions: The correlation between T-score values and handgrip strength suggests a new potential parameter in the development of predictive models that could be used in clinical practice, highlighting its importance for the diagnosis of osteosarcopenia.
Highlights
The concept of “osteosarcopenia”, which emerged in 2009 with the first editorial by Binkley and Buehring [1], is currently used to refer to a subgroup of elderly patients with osteoporosis and sarcopenia, characterised by an higher risk of falls, fractures, disability, and frailty [2]
Many scientists agree that the prevalence of osteosarcopenia increases with age: Fahimfar and colleagues reported that it occurs in 14.3% of men in the 60–64 age group and in
Our meta-analysis aims to analyse the correlation between some variables normally considered for the diagnosis of osteoporosis (T-score) and sarcopenia, with the final objective of defining one or more new parameters to refer to for the diagnosis of this pathology
Summary
The concept of “osteosarcopenia”, which emerged in 2009 with the first editorial by Binkley and Buehring [1], is currently used to refer to a subgroup of elderly patients with osteoporosis and sarcopenia, characterised by an higher risk of falls, fractures, disability, and frailty [2]. Osteoporosis, defined by low bone mass and micro-architectural deterioration of bone tissue [3], and sarcopenia, manifested by loss of muscle mass, strength, and function [4], often coexist in the fragile population, leading to significantly worse outcomes than those observed in either condition alone. Many scientists agree that the prevalence of osteosarcopenia increases with age: Fahimfar and colleagues reported that it occurs in 14.3% of men in the 60–64 age group and in. 59.4% of men over 75; in women, the disease affects 20.3% of the 60–64 age group and. A higher prevalence of osteosarcopenia has been observed in women (25.5–82.6%) than in men (16.4–32.0%) [13]. In patients with low-energy trauma fractures, the prevalence of osteosarcopenia is between 17 and 96.3% in both sexes [12]. Several research groups have focused their attention on the study of this disease; among the most important are the EWGSOP2 (European Working Group on Sarcopenia in Older People 2) [14] of 2019 and the AWGS
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