Abstract
During an epidemiological study of visceral leishmaniasis (VL) in south-west Ethiopia, 33 VL patients, 9 treated VL patients, 14 individuals with sub-clinical infection, 34 individuals with asymptomatic infection, and 19 healthy controls were studied for T cell subsets and cytokine profiles. Negative leishmanin skin test, CD3 and CD4 lymphocytopenia, and significantly reduced numbers of memory CD4 + T cells were found in VL patients compared to treated VL patients or persons with self-limiting asymptomatic infection. The proportion of CD4 + and CD8 + T cells that produced IFN-γ and IL-4 after stimulation with PMA (Phorbol 12-myristate 13-acetate) and ionomycin was significantly reduced in VL patients compared to sub-clinical and asymptomatic infections or healthy controls. Plasma concentrations of IFN-γ and IL-10 were elevated in VL.
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