Abstract

In light of advances in the simultaneous production of biobased fuels and chemicals, a prospective well-to-wheel lifecycle assessment (LCA) model of a two-step multistage torrefaction biorefinery is constructed to quantify both lifecycle greenhouse gas (GHG) emissions and energy return on primary fossil energy investment (EROIfossil) for a transportation-range biofuel product. Coproducts—including cyclopentanone (CPO), biochar, and a potential net electricity export—are handled via six coproduct scenarios, evaluated across both market-based allocation and displacement methods. Process-scale performance metrics and product distributions are compared across cases to evaluate trade-offs between process and environmental performance; carbon flows are visualized to better explain patterns of carbon yield and waste. LCA results include median GHG values spanning from −30.8 to +36.1 g CO2e/MJ-fuel and median EROIfossil values ranging from 1.6 to 12.8 MJ-fuel/MJ-PEfossil. Sensitivity results for the Market CPO ca...

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