Abstract
Cell cycle alterations are among the principle hallmarks of cancer. Consequently, the study of cell cycle regulators has emerged as an important topic in cancer research, particularly in relation to environmental exposure. Particulate matter and coal dust around coal mines have the potential to induce cell cycle alterations. Therefore, in the present study, we performed chemical analyses to identify the main compounds present in two mineral coal samples from Colombian mines and performed systems chemo-biology analysis to elucidate the interactions between these chemical compounds and proteins associated with the cell cycle. Our results highlight the role of oxidative stress generated by the exposure to the residues of coal extraction, such as major inorganic oxides (MIOs), inorganic elements (IEs) and polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons (PAH) on DNA damage and alterations in the progression of the cell cycle (blockage and/or delay), as well as structural dysfunction in several proteins. In particular, IEs such as Cr, Ni, and S and PAHs such as benzo[a]pyrene may have influential roles in the regulation of the cell cycle through DNA damage and oxidative stress. In this process, cyclins, cyclin-dependent kinases, zinc finger proteins such as TP53, and protein kinases may play a central role.
Highlights
One of the largest open-pit coal mines in the world is located in northern Colombia Huertas et al (2012a)
Ashes from the sub-bituminous coal samples from Guacamaya showed higher concentrations of CaO, MgO, and SO3 and lower concentrations of SiO2 and Al2O3 than those reported in similar studies on bituminous and sub-bituminous coals (Blissett and Rowson, 2012)
To understand how coal chemical constituents interact with cell cycle processes, we identified the modules in the main chemical–protein interaction (CPI)-protein-protein interactions (PPIs) network using the Molecular Complex Detection application (MCODE) program
Summary
One of the largest open-pit coal mines in the world is located in northern Colombia Huertas et al (2012a). According to the 2015 BP Statistical Energy Survey, Colombia aimed to increase its coal production by 35% to 115,000 tons per year. According to Chaulya (2004) and Huertas et al (2012b), activities associated with coal extraction during surface coal mining release major air pollutants into the atmosphere as particulate matter (PM) and coal dust. These activities include: topsoil removal, drilling, blasting, overburden loading and unloading, coal transport over unpaved roads and wind erosion of exposed surfaces.
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