Systems Biology ARDS Research with a Focus on Metabolomics.

Sayed M. Metwaly,Brent W. Winston

doi:10.3390/metabo10050207

Sayed M. Metwaly, Brent W. Winston

Open Access

https://doi.org/10.3390/metabo10050207

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Journal: Metabolites	Publication Date: May 19, 2020
Citations: 16	License type: CC BY 4.0

Affiliation: University of Calgary

Abstract

Acute respiratory distress syndrome (ARDS) is a clinical syndrome that inflicts a considerably heavy toll in terms of morbidity and mortality. While there are multitudes of conditions that can lead to ARDS, the vast majority of ARDS cases are caused by a relatively small number of diseases, especially sepsis and pneumonia. Currently, there is no clinically agreed upon reliable diagnostic test for ARDS, and the detection or diagnosis of ARDS is based on a constellation of laboratory and radiological tests in the absence of evidence of left ventricular dysfunction, as specified by the Berlin definition of ARDS. Virtually all the ARDS biomarkers to date have been proven to be of very limited clinical utility. Given the heterogeneity of ARDS due to the wide variation in etiology, clinical and molecular manifestations, there is a current scientific consensus agreement that ARDS is not just a single entity but rather a spectrum of conditions that need further study for proper classification, the identification of reliable biomarkers and the adequate institution of therapeutic targets. This scoping review aims to elucidate ARDS omics research, focusing on metabolomics and how metabolomics can boost the study of ARDS biomarkers and help to facilitate the identification of ARDS subpopulations.

Highlights

Acute respiratory distress syndrome (ARDS) has consistently been an important cause of morbidity and mortality in the intensive care unit (ICU) [1]
ARDSand and normal lung tissue demonstrates the presence of alveolar collapse, neutrophil infiltration, areas normal lung tissue demonstrates the presence of alveolar collapse, neutrophil infiltration, areasofof microscopichemorrhage, hemorrhage, hyaline hyaline membrane membrane formation microscopic formation and andalveolar alveolaredema edemaininARDS
Taken together with the absence of a gold standard diagnosticatest, is readily diagnostic test, it is readily recognizable why diagnosing early in the disease process can be recognizable why diagnosing ARDS early in the disease process can be fraught with challenges, fraught with challenges, especially in difficult cases

Summary

Introduction

Acute respiratory distress syndrome (ARDS) has consistently been an important cause of morbidity and mortality in the intensive care unit (ICU) [1]. ARDS presents as acute hypoxic respiratory failure The Pa O2 /Fi O2 ratio is used to help identify ARDS, there is currently no biomarker to identify lung injury or to aid in making a diagnosis of ARDS. The utility of some clinically established biomarkers was explored in the setting of ARDS [7]. Metabolites 2020, 10, x FOR PEER REVIEW between pneumonia and[9] This stresses the pressing need for discovering reliable diagnostic biomarkers (a true biomarker diagnostic biomarkers (a true biomarker of lung injury). We will focus on omics of lung injury). ARDS susceptibility diagnosis research into ARDS susceptibility andfocus diagnosis withresearch a focus on metabolomics studies.

Exudative

Challenges

Pre-clinical ARDS Research

ARDS Genomics and Transcriptomics Research

Metabolomics Studies of ARDS Detection

Findings

Future Directions