Abstract
Hypoxia is a common denominator in the pathophysiology of a variety of human disease states. Insight into how cells detect, and respond to low oxygen is crucial to understanding the role of hypoxia in disease. Central to the hypoxic response is rapid changes in the expression of genes essential to carry out a wide range of functions to adapt the cell/tissue to decreased oxygen availability. These changes in gene expression are co-ordinated by specialised transcription factors, changes to chromatin architecture and intricate balances between protein synthesis and destruction that together establish changes to the cellular proteome. In this article, we will discuss the advances of our understanding of the cellular oxygen sensing machinery achieved through the application of ‘omics-based experimental approaches.
Highlights
Review ArticleSystems approaches to understand oxygen sensing: how multi-omics has driven advances in understanding oxygen-based signalling
Molecular oxygen is best known for its connection to oxidative phosphorylation and ATP production
A major advancement in this area occurred in the late 1990s and early 2000s with the identification of hypoxia inducible factors (HIFs) [2], a family of transcription factors regulated by changes to cellular oxygen levels [3,4,5]
Summary
Systems approaches to understand oxygen sensing: how multi-omics has driven advances in understanding oxygen-based signalling. Insight into how cells detect, and respond to low oxygen is crucial to understanding the role of hypoxia in disease. Central to the hypoxic response is rapid changes in the expression of genes essential to carry out a wide range of functions to adapt the cell/ tissue to decreased oxygen availability. These changes in gene expression are co-ordinated by specialised transcription factors, changes to chromatin architecture and intricate balances between protein synthesis and destruction that together establish changes to the cellular proteome. We will discuss the advances of our understanding of the cellular oxygen sensing machinery achieved through the application of ‘omics-based experimental approaches
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