Systems and ontological analyses: similarities and differences be-tween the concepts

Abstract

Terms, concepts and their content are not only the foundations of public communications, the keys to mutual understanding, knowledge transfer and cognition, but also fundamental elements in the construction of computer ontologies for artificial intelligence systems. The evolution of knowledge in subject areas leads, as a consequence, to the evolution of language, which is forced to change, borrowing words from other areas, expanding their meanings. The concept of systems analysis has a broad interpretation and is actively used in various fields of activity (science, economics, design, engineering, etc.), going deeper and adapting to specific subject and subject areas. The concepts related to system analysis (system, subject area, problem area, etc.) are also evolving. Systems analysis focuses on the relationships between elements of a system and determining its structure and functions; it includes various modeling and optimization methods and is used to solve specific problems and problems. Ontological analysis is associated with the study and description of objects, events, processes and relationships in the subject area, of which the system (or systems) may be a part; describes the structure and properties of the elements that make up the system and the relationships between them; used to create a formal description of a system and provide a general understanding of its components. The result of ontological analysis can be the basis for systems analysis or a part of it. Systems and ontological analyses are aimed at understand complex systems and their components and can be used together. The difference between these concepts is largely determined by the content of the field of study concepts, its boundaries, the object of research as a process, goal setting, the traditions and context that have developed among researchers in specific subject areas. Within the framework of the accepted nomenclature of scientific specialties of the Higher Attestation Commission, it can be argued that ontological analysis is included in the scientific specialty “Systems analysis, control and information processing, statistics.”