Systems Analysis of the Exploitation of Energy Management in Complex Buildings: Examples of Applications

Abstract

Chapter 7 is devoted to practical applications of the mathematical models described in the previous chapter. The analysis in this chapter concerns a typical office building situated in Warsaw. The subsystem of consumers comprises office rooms, auxiliary rooms, garages, and standard equipment of the building. Six kinds of energy carriers are produced in the energy subsystem, viz., the cooling agent, hot process water with a temperature of 85/55 and 60/45 °C, hot tap water, air from the air-conditioning unit, and ventilation air for the garages. Electricity, heat, natural gas, and drinking water are supplied entirely from outside. The annual energy balance has been set up according to the input–output model of direct energy consumption. The balance of cumulative energy consumption has been struck based on the values of the indices of cumulative energy consumption of supplies from outside. The share of office rooms in the total cumulative energy consumption of the office building under consideration amounts to about two thirds. Cumulative energy consumption is dominated by electricity, which exceeds 75 % of the total. The share of cumulative energy consumption which changes the heat from the heating plant amounts to about 20 %. The analysis of cumulative emissions concerns NOx and CO2. The input data are indices of cumulative emissions charging the supplies from outside. In the case of both NOx and CO2 emissions, office rooms dominate (accounting for more than 50 % of those emissions). The analysis of thermo-ecological costs, like the analyses of cumulative energy consumption and cumulative emissions, is based on the principle of weak connections and denotes that office rooms also account for more than 50 % of those costs, and electricity and heat supplied from outside amount to about 96 % of the thermo-ecological cost of the analysed office building (68.4 of electricity and 27.6 % of heat from the heating plant).KeywordsEnergy CarrierAnnual ConsumptionCumulative EmissionDistrict Heating SystemOffice RoomThese keywords were added by machine and not by the authors. This process is experimental and the keywords may be updated as the learning algorithm improves.