Abstract
BackgroundRhinovirus (RV) associated early wheezing has been recognized as an independent risk factor for asthma. The risk is more important than that associated with respiratory syncytial virus (RSV) disease. No comparative data are available on the immune responses of these diseases.ObjectiveTo compare T-helper1 (Th1), Th2 and T-regulatory (Treg) cell type cytokine responses between RV and RSV induced early wheezing.MethodsSystemic Th1-type (interferon [IFN] -gamma, interleukin [IL] -2, IL-12), Th2-type (IL-4, IL-5, IL-13) and Treg-type (IL-10) cytokine responses were studied from acute and convalescence phase serum samples of sole RV (n = 23) and RSV affected hospitalized wheezing children (n = 27). The pre-defined inclusion criteria were age of 3-35 months and first or second wheezing episode. Analysis was adjusted for baseline differences. Asymptomatic children with comparable demographics (n = 11) served as controls for RV-group.ResultsRV-group was older and had more atopic characteristics than RSV-group. At acute phase, RV-group had higher (fold change) IL-13 (39-fold), IL-12 (7.5-fold), IFN-gamma (6.0-fold) and IL-5 (2.8-fold) concentrations than RSV-group and higher IFN-gamma (27-fold), IL-2 (8.9-fold), IL-5 (5.6-fold) and IL-10 (2.6-fold) than the controls. 2-3 weeks later, RV-group had higher IFN-gamma (>100-fold), IL-13 (33-fold) and IL-10 (6.5-fold) concentrations than RSV-group and higher IFN-gamma (15-fold) and IL-2 (9.4-fold) than the controls. IL-10 levels were higher in acute phase compared to convalescence phase in both infections (p < 0.05 for all).ConclusionOur results support a hypothesis that RV is likely to trigger wheezing mainly in children with a predisposition. IL-10 may have important regulatory function in acute viral wheeze.
Highlights
Rhinovirus (RV) associated early wheezing has been recognized as an independent risk factor for asthma
Studies how viral etiology of early wheezing may contribute to later development of asthma have focused almost exclusively on respiratory syncytial virus (RSV), but recent studies suggest that RV is equal [5], or more important viral risk factor than RSV [6,7,8]
We further showed that IL-10 was elevated in both virus groups in the acute phase when compared to the convalescence phase and when RV-group was compared to the control group
Summary
Rhinovirus (RV) associated early wheezing has been recognized as an independent risk factor for asthma. The risk is more important than that associated with respiratory syncytial virus (RSV) disease. Rhinovirus (RV) is the principal pathogen responsible for the common cold. It is the most common virus being associated with asthma attacks in children (up to 60% of cases) [1,2]. Respiratory Research 2009, 10:85 http://respiratory-research.com/content/10/1/85 mon agent (up to 41-47%; depends on the risk factors of asthma) only second to respiratory syncytial virus (RSV, up to 68% of cases) [3,4]. RVs trigger cytokine and chemokine responses upon infection that may lead to airway illness
Sign-in/Register to view highlights & summary Talk to us
Join us for a 30 min session where you can share your feedback and ask us any queries you have
Schedule a callDisclaimer: All third-party content on this website/platform is and will remain the property of their respective owners and is provided on "as is" basis without any warranties, express or implied. Use of third-party content does not indicate any affiliation, sponsorship with or endorsement by them. Any references to third-party content is to identify the corresponding services and shall be considered fair use under The CopyrightLaw.
