Abstract
Altered systemic redox status is often observed in lung cancer. However, detailed information on factors other, than smoking, which influence this perturbation is rather scarce. Elevated oxidative stress has been linked with disturbances in glucose metabolism before, but such associations have not been investigated in lung cancer. The aim of this study was to evaluate the relationship between systemic parameters of glucose metabolism and redox status in lung cancer patients (LC). Biochemical variables related to circulating glucose, i.e. glucose, insulin, c-peptide, fructosamine (FA), and glucose metabolism, i.e. β-hydroxybutyrate (BHB), lactate (LACT), non-esterified fatty acids (NEFAs), as well as redox status i.e. total antioxidant status (TAS) and total oxidant status (TOS) were determined for LC (n = 122) and control subjects (CS) (n = 84). HOMA-IR and the oxidative stress index (OSI) were calculated. LC patients had an altered redox status and glucose metabolism compared to CS. Positive correlations in LC were observed between TOS, OSI and circulating glucose as well as FA, while TAS positively correlated with BHB and NEFAs. In contrast, in metastatic LC, NEFAs and BHB positively correlated with OSI. Smoking status additionally stratified the observed relationships. In conclusion, we found that parameters related to circulating glucose or non-enzymatic glycation were correlated with oxidative stress (TOS and OSI), while metabolites such as BHB and NEFAs were correlated with antioxidant capacity (TAS). Metastasis prevalence and smoking seem to influence these correlations. However, the detailed mechanism of this relationship requires further research, in particular as regards the surprising positive correlation between NEFAs and TAS.
Highlights
In lung cancer, as well as in many other site-specific cancers, the redox status is altered and depletion of antioxidant capacity is observed along with tumor progression [1,2,3,4,5]
Lung cancer patients with glucose concentrations (GLC) > 99 mg/dL provided significantly higher amounts of energy in their diets compared to patients with GLC 99 mg/dL as well as to control subjects, and provided significantly less fiber in their diet compared with control subjects
The results obtained in this study demonstrate that systemic parameters related to glucose metabolism (NEFAs, β-hydroxybutyrate) showed antioxidant activity in contrast to parameters directly related to circulating glucose
Summary
As well as in many other site-specific cancers, the redox status is altered and depletion of antioxidant capacity is observed along with tumor progression [1,2,3,4,5]. Some other important explanations of the connections between glucose metabolism alterations and cancerogenesis exist, e.g. insulin and insulin-like growth factor (IGF) pathways targeting in cancer development [16] and increased expression of glucose transporters, especially glucose transporter 1 (GLUT1), in a variety of malignancies [17]. Some of these are closely related to redox signaling [18]. The aim of this study was to evaluate the relationship between systemic parameters of glucose metabolism and redox status in lung cancer patients
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