Systemic Lupus Erythematosus in Pregnancy

Abstract

systemic lupus erythematosus (SLE) in pregnancy is associated with increased maternal and fetal morbidity including fetal loss, growth restriction, and maternal hypertension. Pregnancy complications are more frequent and more severe when conception occurs in patients with lupus nephritis or antiphospholipid antibodies, or during a period of active disease. Lupus flares occur in the majority of pregnancies and often involve the renal and haematologis systems. They tend to be mild to moderate and are treatable with medical therapy, primarily glucocorticoids. Neonatal lupus syndrome is a rare complication of maternal SLE. It is associated with transplacental passage of anti-Ro and/or anti-La antibodies, resulting in cutaneous, haematologic, and cardiac manifestations. Cardiac involvement is common in this syndrome, manifesting as complete congenital heart block due to destruction of the fetal conduction system by antibodies. Antepartum steroid use may be useful in treatment or prevention of congenital heart block. With optimal prenatal care and fetal antepartum surveillance, patients with SLE may have successful, although high risk, pregnancies.