Systemic lupus erythematosus: a report of forty-five cases with unusual clinical and immunological features.

Abstract

SUMMARY.— Forty five cases of systemic lupus erythematosus in Hong Kong are reviewed. Of common occurrence were hyperkeratotic follicular papules, which in some cases resembled pityriasis rubra pilaris and keratosis pilaris, hyperkeratosis of the palms and soles, and psoriasiform lesions. Less frequent cutaneous manifestations included chilblains, livedo reticularis, and scleroderma‐like changes. Biological false positive serological tests for syphilis were not encountered. The possible significance of these deviations from the familiar clinical and immunological picture is discussed.