Abstract
In periodontitis patients, high levels of several inflammatory markers may be expressed in serum, reflecting the effect of local disease on the general health. The objective of the present analysis was to compare cytokine levels assessed in peripheral blood with those in the gingival crevicular fluid (GCF) and evaluate the impact of nonsurgical periodontal therapy on the incidence of high levels of 12 biomarkers in serum. Twenty‐four patients with chronic periodontitis (Group P) contributed with serum and GCF samples at baseline (BL) and 1 and 3 months after periodontal treatment (M1 and M3). Samples were assessed for 12 cytokines using the Bio‐Plex bead array multianalyte detection system. For each analyte, peak values were calculated as greater than the mean + 2SD of the one found in 60 periodontally healthy participants. Significant correlations between serum and GCF values were obtained in the periodontitis group for interleukin (IL) 1ra, IL‐6, and interferon γ at BL and for macrophage inflammatory protein 1β at M3 after treatment. Periodontitis subjects were found to exhibit high peaks for several inflammatory markers in serum. The highest incidence of peaks at BL was found for interferon γ (37.5% of the periodontitis subjects). For the four biomarkers with a detection frequency of >75% at BL (IL‐1ra, IL‐8, macrophage inflammatory protein 1β, and vascular endothelial growth factor), no significant difference was observed over time for the P group or between the two groups at BL. The significant correlation found between the serum and the GCF for certain cytokines and the fact that periodontitis subjects exhibit high peaks for several inflammatory markers in serum may support the hypothesis that the inflammatory reaction due to periodontitis is not restricted to the diseased sites. Within the limitations of the study, periodontal therapy did not seem to have any significant impact on the systemic cytokine levels.
Highlights
Periodontitis is an inflammatory disease that affects the supporting tissues of the tooth
To further investigate possible associations between the systemic inflammatory burden and local inflammation in periodontitis, the objective of the present analysis was to compare cytokine levels assessed in peripheral blood with those in the gingival crevicular fluid (GCF)
The present study evaluated the effect of initial periodontal therapy on the expression of 12 selected biomarkers in the serum of patients
Summary
Periodontitis is an inflammatory disease that affects the supporting tissues of the tooth. Chronic inflammation has been proposed as one of the main mechanisms linking periodontitis with a number of systemic conditions such as cardiovascular disease (Dave & Van Dyke, 2008), preterm low‐weight birth babies (Offenbacher et al, 1996), diabetes (Chapple et al, 2013), and respiratory problems (Hayes, Sparrow, Cohen, Vokonas, & Garcia, 1998). As a first step to the comprehension of the link of periodontal to general health, research in serum levels of different inflammatory biomarkers was conducted by different groups. In order to understand the effect of periodontitis in various systemic conditions, studies were conducted in specific groups presenting comorbidities (Perunovic, Rakic, Nikolic, et al, 2016; Satpathy et al, 2015; Zhu, Lin, Zheng, & Chen, 2015)
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