Systemic infarcts among patients with atrial fibrillation

Abstract

BackgroundThe epidemiology of atrial fibrillation (AF)–associated thromboembolic complications outside of ischemic strokes has not been thoroughly elucidated. ObjectiveThe aim of this study was to describe the epidemiology of AF-associated systemic infarcts and relevant interactions by sex and race/ethnicity. MethodsUsing the Office of Statewide Health Planning and Development, we performed a longitudinal analysis of patients aged ≥18 years who received ambulatory surgery, emergency, or inpatient medical care in California between 2005 and 2015. We determined the distribution of infarct locations and risks of systemic infarcts for patients with AF. Interaction analyses by sex and race/ethnicity were conducted. ResultsOf 1,321,694 patients with AF, the average annual rate of systemic infarct was 2.1% ± 0.18% compared with 0.56% ± 0.06% in the 22,944,488 patients without AF. The increased frequency of these infarcts was observed for every body area investigated. After adjustment for potential confounders and mediators, patients with AF experienced a 45% increased risk of a systemic infarct (hazard ratio, 1.45; 95% confidence interval, 1.44–1.47; P < .001). Women, Asians, Blacks, and Hispanics each exhibited a statistically significant heightened relative risk of systemic infarcts in the presence of AF. ConclusionAF increases the risk of infarcts throughout the body. Susceptibility to these systemic infarcts varies by sex and race/ethnicity in patterns similar to differential risks for stroke. The presence of a systemic infarct in the absence of a clear cause should raise suspicion for AF, and the potential benefits of AF prevention and anticoagulation should be considered beyond only infarcts to the brain.