Abstract
This study aimed to evaluate the systemic implications of 37 cattle with traumatic reticulitis, evaluating clinical, laboratory, ultrasonographic and necroscopic changes. A clinical, laboratory and ultrasonographic examination was performed, and the animals were distributed in reticuloperitonitis (GI; n=21) and reticulopericarditis (GII; n=16) traumatic, based on necropsy findings. Blood samples were taken for haematological tests, serum total protein, albumin, globulin, gamma glutamyltransferase (GGT), aspartate aminotransferase (AST), glutamate dehydrogenase (GLDH), creatinine, urea, cortisol, creatine kinase (CK), creatine kinase-MB (CK-MB), cardiac troponin-I (cTn-I), plasma glucose and L-lactate. The abdominocentesis was productive in eight GI (n=8) and seven GII (n=7) animals, allowing the evaluation of physical, cytological and biochemical characteristics of the peritoneal fluid as a total protein, albumin, GLDH, AST, GGT, glucose and L-lactate. Changes in behavior, appetite, dehydration and temperature were observed, most expressive in GII. Hematology showed neutrophilic leukocytosis with regenerative left shift and hyperfibrinogenemia in both groups. Increased globulin, L-lactate concentration and serum GGT, GLDH, CK and CK-MB activity were observed, as well as significant elevation of cTnI (p=0.0190) in GII. In the peritoneal fluid exudate was observed in both groups and a higher concentration of L-lactate in relation to plasma. Ultrasound revealed retocular, cardiac, hepatic and splenic abnormalities. The anatomopathological lesions confirmed the ultrasound findings of both groups. The understanding of the syndrome helps in the diagnosis, as well as the adoption of preventive measures, minimizing the economic impact caused to the dairy cattle breeding.
Highlights
The metallic foreign body syndrome, called traumatic reticulitis, is a complex of diseases caused by injury to the reticule due to the ingestion of sharp metallic foreign bodies (Cramers et al, 2005)
Myocardial band creatine kinase (CK-MB) in ruminants has been well validated in bovines (Soares et al, 2019), goats (Ribeiro et al, 2020; Souza et al, 2020) and ewes (Souza et al, 2019), as well as in cases of traumatic pericarditis due to direct cardiac injury or in secondary involvement in cases of traumatic reticuloperitonitis (Gune et al, 2008; Attia, 2016)
In view of the economic losses generated in cattle farming as a decrease in milk production, expenses with unnecessary clinical and surgical treatments, in addition to establishing the diagnosis in advanced stages resulting in death, this paper aimed to study the systemic implications triggered by the metallic foreign body syndrome in dairy cattle
Summary
The metallic foreign body syndrome, called traumatic reticulitis, is a complex of diseases caused by injury to the reticule due to the ingestion of sharp metallic foreign bodies (Cramers et al, 2005). The targeting of the foreign body when perforating the reticulum may cause damage to several organs adjacent to the reticulum, such as heart, diaphragm, pleura, liver, spleen, gastrointestinal tract, cutaneous reticulum fistula, in addition to the formation of embolic abscesses in the liver, kidneys and brain, polyarthritis fibrinous and vagal indigestion (Roth & King, 1991; Omid & Mozaffari, 2014), resulting in sequelae that result in nonspecific clinical signs that hinder the diagnosis of the disease (Ghanem, 2010; Esawy et al, 2015; Braun et al., 2018). In view of the economic losses generated in cattle farming as a decrease in milk production, expenses with unnecessary clinical and surgical treatments, in addition to establishing the diagnosis in advanced stages resulting in death, this paper aimed to study the systemic implications triggered by the metallic foreign body syndrome in dairy cattle
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