Systemic Immunological Responses Among Dental Infection Patients

Zainab Khudher Ahmad Al Mahdi,Fatima Malik Abood

doi:10.11648/j.iji.20210901.12

Abstract

Evaluating of some immunological responses among dental infection patients is essential in the clinical management of oral infection. Our study considered isolation of dental infection bacteria and quantitative evaluation of serum. IgA, IL-4, IL-7 and CD4 and CD8 molecules among dental plaque patients and control group. Oral bacteria from dental infection patients were isolated in appropriate media and diagnosed by biochemical tests and in vitro quantitative determination of serum IgA, IL-4, IL-7 and CD4 and CD8 molecules using ELISA technique. Single and mixed bacterial isolates were noted, mixed infection were (59.25%), the nature of bacteria was Gram positive cocci Streptococcus viridans, Streptococcus pyogenes and Staphylococcus aureus, and Lactocacilli spps, in addition to Gram negative rods black- pigmented bacteria, Klebsilla pneumonia, and Esherishia coli. Serum IgA was higher in patients (368.8±182.5) ng\ml than in control group (319.92±79.26) ng\ml. Serum IL-4 was higher patients (285.33±86.12) pg/ml than in control group (257.7±94.14) pg\ml. Serum IL-7 was higher in control group (19.59±4.14) pg/ml than in dental plaque patients (17.98±3.18) pg /ml. Serum CD4 molecules was higher in control group (1.371±0.5242) ng/ml than in dental plaque patients (1.326±0.1292) ng/ml. Serum CD8 molecules shows non-significant elevation in patients group 0.5825±0.02717 (ng\ml) than in control group 0.51±0.01643 (ng\ml) P≤0.05. Mean of the CD4/CD8 ratio was higher 2.783±1.126 in control group while it was 2.355±0.24 in dental plaque patients, however the differences were non-significant (P≤0.05). The present study conclude that the bacteria isolated from dental infection patients were mixed more than single infection, there were non-significant elevation in IgA, IL-4, and CD8 in patients while IL-7 and CD4 was lower in patients group than in control group, while CD4\CD8 ratio were lower in patients group, these result reflect the fact that mucosal antigen induce systemic tolerance to some extent since these bacteria present in oral cavity in early childhood. Therefor removing these bacteria always the best way to prevent such infections.

Highlights

Dental caries have familiarly been considered the most important worldwide oral health problems [1]
Streptococcus viridans are abundant among oral bacteria and one member of the cluster is S. mutans, the reason behind tooth decay in most cases. likewise S. sanguinis is additional potential reason, when introduced into the blood, they have the potential of initiating endocarditis, in whom with injured heart valves
Our results recorded the highest percentage was Streptococcus viridians, these bacteria are most abundant in the oral cavity species, one is the most important is S. mutans the aciduric species, excessive acidification of the oral environment by these bacteria is directly associated with the development of dental caries [22]

Summary

Introduction

Dental caries have familiarly been considered the most important worldwide oral health problems [1]. Likewise S. sanguinis is additional potential reason, when introduced into the blood, they have the potential of initiating endocarditis, in whom with injured heart valves. Streptococcus viridans are abundant among oral bacteria and one member of the cluster is S. mutans, the reason behind tooth decay in most cases. They are the most common reason of sub-acute bacterial endocarditis [4]. Microbial biofilm composed of Staphylococcus aureus and Streptococcus mutans responsible for formation pathogenic

Results

Discussion

Conclusion