Abstract
Amyotrophic lateral sclerosis (ALS) is a devastating motor neuron (MN) disease with no cure. Accumulating evidence indicates ALS involves a complex interaction between central glia and the peripheral immune response and neuromuscular interface. Stem cell secretomes contain various beneficial trophic factors and cytokines, and we recently demonstrated that administration of the secretome of adipose-derived stem cells (ASCs) during early neuromuscular junction (NMJ) denervation in the mutant superoxide dismutase (mSOD1G93A) ALS mouse ameliorated NMJ disruption. In the present study, we hypothesized that administration of dental pulp stem cell secretome in the form of conditioned medium (DPSC-CM) at different stages of disease would promote NMJ innervation, prevent MN loss and extend lifespan. Our findings show that DPSC-CM significantly improved NMJ innervation at postnatal day (PD) 47 compared to vehicle treated mSOD1G93A mice (p < 0.05). During late pre-symptomatic stages (PD70-P91), DPSC-CM significantly increased MN survival (p < 0.01) and NMJ preservation (p < 0.05), while reactive gliosis in the ventral horn remained unaffected. For DPSC-CM treated mSOD1G93A mice beginning at symptom onset, post-onset days of survival as well as overall lifespan was significantly increased compared to vehicle treated mice (p < 0.05). This is the first study to show therapeutic benefits of systemic DPSC secretome in experimental ALS, and establishes a foundation for future research into the treatment effects and mechanistic analyses of DPSC and other stem cell secretome therapies in ALS.
Highlights
Amyotrophic lateral sclerosis (ALS) is a fatal neurodegenerative disease that causes death of upper and lower motor neurons in the central nervous system (CNS)
In our previous study and the research of others, innervated neuromuscular junctions in mSOD1G93A mouse gastrocnemius significantly decrease between PD35 and PD47 [4,11]
Our data showed innervated neuromuscular junction (NMJ) with co-labeled neurofilament and α–bungarotoxin were significantly reduced in the vehicle-treated mSOD1G93A mice compared with the wild type (WT) group at
Summary
Amyotrophic lateral sclerosis (ALS) is a fatal neurodegenerative disease that causes death of upper and lower motor neurons in the central nervous system (CNS). Much ALS research has focused on the lower motor neuron as a target of therapy, despite nearly two decades of research related to pre-symptomatic peripheral neuromuscular junction (NMJ) disruption. This “die-back” perspective as a potential initiator (or at least a key player) in disease progression, has gained traction with accumulation of evidence [2,3,4,5]; the process as a whole is dynamic and complicated. Within the CNS, it is clear that astrocytes and microglia
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