Systemic application of the immunological scheme for diagnosing <em>Alternaria</em> sp. and <em>Fusarium</em> sp.

Abstract

About 6400 genera, including more than 64000 species, belong to ascomycotes. A significant part of ascomycetes are saprotrophs, the leading place belongs to the fungi pp. Alternaria sp. and Fusarium sр. Alternaria species are a very aggressive pathogenic genus that causes diseases in a large number of economically important crops. 300 species of the genus Alternaria have been identified worldwide, including A. dauci, A. radicinia, A. alternata, A. tenuissima, A. brassicicola and A. solani. Crop losses from the genus Alternaria can reach from 40 to 90%. Leaves, petioles and stems are affected. The genus Fusarium includes a number of species that are the causes of various diseases on most agriculturally significant crops. The most common are: F. oxysporum, causing wilting diseases and affecting the vascular system of plants. F. avenaceum is a widespread species, and F. poae belongs to the section Sporotrichiella Wollenw. Fusarium is a common and dangerous fungal disease. Plants are affected at any age. The fungus is located in the soil and penetrates into the plant through the soil and wounds. In young plants, the disease manifests itself in the form of rotting of the roots and root neck. Based on the above pathogenesis, the purpose of our research was to monitor, identify pathogenic fungi pp. Fusarium sр. and Alternaria sрp and develop a scheme with the gradual inclusion of phytopathological methods in the breeding process. Thus, using phytopathological methods of isolating pathogens of alternariasis and fusariasis from different organs of plants and soil, a collection of the most aggressive pathogens pp. Fusarium and Alternaria has been created. Comparative analyses of the informativeness of various methods of immunological assessment of resistance depending on the type of pathogen allowed us to develop and test a scheme for the sequential inclusion in the selection process of various methods that are applicable at different stages of plant development in order to increase the effectiveness of selection for group resistance to pathogens pp. Fusarium and Alternaria. The applied selection and immunological system of methods made it possible to create new tolerant hybrids, as well as valuable starting material with complex resistance to A. radicina, A.dauci and F.oxysporum was obtained from various lines and variety populations.